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Mount Allison University

Coordinates: 45°53′55″N 64°22′25″W / 45.89861°N 64.37361°W / 45.89861; -64.37361
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Mount Allison University
MottoLitterae, Religio, Scientia
Motto in English
Writing, Divinity, Knowledge
TypePublic Liberal Arts University
EstablishedJune 1839; 185 years ago (1839-06)
Religious affiliation
United Church of Canada
Academic affiliations
Maple League of Universities, Universities Canada, IAU, ACU, CIS, CBIE, AUS, CUP
Endowment$245 million (2024)[1]
ChancellorLynn Loewen
PresidentDr. Ian Sutherland
Academic staff
129
Students2,412[2]
Undergraduates2,396
Postgraduates16
Location
Sackville
,
New Brunswick
,
Canada

45°53′55″N 64°22′25″W / 45.89861°N 64.37361°W / 45.89861; -64.37361
CampusCollege Town, 72 acres (29 ha)
Colours   Garnet & gold
NicknameMounties
Sporting affiliations
U Sports - AUS
CCAA - ACAA
Websitewww.mta.ca
Wesleyan Academy, Mount-Allison, Sackville, New-Brunswick, North America (1852)[3]
Purdy Crawford Centre for the Arts

Mount Allison University (also Mount A or MtA) is a Canadian primarily undergraduate liberal arts university located in Sackville, New Brunswick, founded in 1839.

Mount Allison was the first university in the British Empire to award a baccalaureate to a woman (Grace Annie Lockhart, B.Sc., 1875). It was also the first university in Canada to grant a bachelor of arts to a woman (Harriet Starr Stewart in 1882). Graduates of Mount Allison have been awarded a total of 57 Rhodes Scholarships, the highest per capita of any university in the Commonwealth of Nations.[4]

History

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Mount Allison traces its roots to 1839 when a Sackville merchant proposed the creation of a school of elementary and higher learning. The university is a secular (but United Church-affiliated) primarily undergraduate liberal arts university, with classes beginning in Sackville, New Brunswick, on January 19, 1843. Mount Allison was named after Charles Frederick Allison, in honour of his gift of land and money.[5] Its origins were steeped in the Methodist faith and it was designed to prepare men for the ministry and to supply education for lay members.[6] The university was chartered on April 14, 1849.[5]

In June 1839, Charles Allison was encouraged by Wesleyan Methodist minister Rev. John Bass Strong that a school of elementary and higher learning be built. Allison offered to purchase a site in Sackville to erect a suitable building for an academy and to contribute operating funds of £100 a year for 10 years. This offer was accepted and the Wesleyan Academy for boys subsequently opened in 1843.[7]

Chancellor Emeritus, Peter Mansbridge

In 1854, a women's institution (later known as the "Ladies College") was opened to complement the boys' academy. In 1858 an act of the New Brunswick Legislature authorized the trustees to establish a degree-conferring institution at Sackville, under the name of the Mount Allison Wesleyan College.[8]

In July 1862, the degree-granting Mount Allison College was organized. The first two students, Howard Sprague and Josiah Wood, graduated in May 1863.

For nearly a century, Mount Allison functioned as three distinct, mutually enriching parts: the college proper, the Boys' Academy, and the Ladies College. The corporate name was changed to University of Mount Allison College in 1886.[8]

The university's affiliation was transferred to the United Church of Canada following church union in 1925. Original components of the university included: the Mount Allison Wesleyan Academy for Boys (1840–1958), the Ladies' College (1854–1958), and Mount Allison College. Mount Allison College was established in 1862 with degree-granting powers on behalf of the other two.[9]

The Sackville founders monument commemorates Sackville's incorporation and its founding peoples. It was installed on the campus of Mount Allison University in 2003.

The governance followed the University of Toronto Act of 1906, establishing a bicameral system with a senate managing academic policy and a board of governors overseeing financial policy and holding authority in other areas. The president, appointed by the board, served as the link between the two bodies and provided institutional leadership..[6]

By 1920, Mount Allison University had three faculties: Arts, Theology, and Engineering. It awarded the degrees of Bachelor of Arts (BA), Bachelor of Science (BSc), Bachelor of Divinity (BD), and Master of Arts. It had 246 male students and 73 female students, as well as 28 academic staff, all male.[10]

In 1941, Mount Allison was the first university in Canada to offer a Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA) degree in visual arts, however the teaching of art at Mount Allison can be traced back to the opening of the Women's Academy in 1854.[11]

The closure of the School for Girls in 1946 and the Boy's Academy in 1953 provided space for Mount Allison University's expansion. In 1958, construction and building acquisitions eased overcrowding. The university reaffirmed its focus on high-quality undergraduate liberal arts education and existing professional programs, opting not to pursue new professional or post-graduate courses.

The policy of university education initiated in the 1960s responded to population pressure and the belief that higher education was a key to social justice and economic productivity for individuals and for society.[6] Mount Allison University was established by the Mount Allison University Act, 1993.[12]

Mount Allison University's arms and badge were registered with the Canadian Heraldic Authority on November 15, 2007.[13]

Notable professors at Mount Allison include George Stanley, who designed the Canadian flag, known as the "Maple Leaf". Inspired by the Royal Military College of Canada's flag, Stanley's design was chosen and officially adopted on February 15, 1965, now celebrated as National Flag of Canada Day. American chemist James B. Sumner, who won the 1946 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, taught and performed research at Mount Allison as a teaching fellow from 1910 to 1911.[14]

Academics

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University rankings
World rankings
Canadian rankings
Maclean's Undergraduate[15]1 of 19
Maclean's Reputation[16]1 of 20

The mission statement of Mount Allison University promotes "the creation and dissemination of knowledge in a community of higher learning, centred on the undergraduate student and delivered in an intimate and harmonious environment". Mount Allison currently offers bachelor's degrees in arts, science, commerce, fine arts, and music, as well as master's degrees in biology and chemistry and biochemistry, and certificates in bilingualism.[17] A Bachelor's degree in Science, Arts or Commerce with a major in Aviation has been developed in conjunction with the Moncton Flight College.

The university's enrollment was 2,288 full-time students plus 91 part-time students in Fall 2021.[18]

Architecture

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Mount Allison’s campus is distinguished by its architecture, characterized by the distinctive red and olive sandstone that clads most of the buildings. The more prominent red sandstone was largely quarried in Sackville at the Pickard quarry, which was owned by the university from 1930 until it was sold to the Town of Sackville in 2022.

In most cases, the present campus is much newer than the age of the institution, which was founded in the mid-19th century. At that time, the original Mount Allison buildings were wooden clapboarded structures all painted white. Succumbing to fires or demolition, these earlier buildings have been replaced with brick or stone structures, although a unique and significant instance of early Mount Allison wooden architecture survives at the centre of campus: the President's Cottage of 1857.

Purdy Crawford Centre for the Arts atrium

Noted architectural historian, John Leroux, who is working with visual artist Thaddeus Holownia on a book about the university's architecture, calls the campus "one of the finest in Canada" [19] and says some of the most beautiful buildings built in New Brunswick in the last 100 years are located at Mount Allison.

In particular, Leroux names the Mount Allison chapel as one of the most significant buildings in the province, saying, "It is exquisite. It is nearly a perfect building."[19] The chapel is a masterwork of the Ontario-based architecture firm of Brown, Brisley and Brown, who designed numerous new buildings and transformed the site configuration of Mount Allison in the mid- to late-1960s and early 1970s into the landscape it is today. Paramount of their scheme was the creation of the central courtyard with the chapel as a focus at one end, and the Library's gateway colonnade overlooking the town and Convocation Hall at the other. Among the other Brown, Brisley and Brown buildings completed at Mount Allison between 1964 and 1980 are: the Gairdner Fine Arts Building, the Marjorie Young Bell Conservatory of Music, the Barclay Chemistry Building, Edwards House, Thornton House, the Ralph Pickard Bell Library, and the Harold Crabtree Building.

Owens Art Gallery

Other significant buildings are the Owens Art Gallery, the oldest university art gallery in Canada, which opened in 1895, and Hammond House, the only registered National Historic Site in the Town of Sackville. Both were designed by noted Toronto architect Edmund Burke. The Queen Anne Revival-style Hammond House was originally built for Canadian artist and head of the Fine Arts department John Hammond in 1896. It now serves as the President's residence.[20]

Several campus buildings were designed by architect Andrew R. Cobb,[21] including the Memorial Library (1926–27; demol. 2011), Flemington Building (1930–31), and Centennial Hall (1883–84, but redesigned by Cobb in 1933 after the original was gutted by fire).

The Memorial Library (renamed University Centre in 1970) was constructed in the Tudor-inspired Gothic Revival style. The library also included a set of plaques, now located on the ground floor atrium of the Wallace McCain Student Centre, which are listed in the Canadian Forces' National Inventory of Canadian Military Memorials – No. 13002-004.[22] The plaques list the names of Allisonians who died at war. Every year since 1927, the names of each of the fallen are read aloud during the university's annual Remembrance Day service.

The Wallace McCain Student Centre, originally constructed as a men's residence (Trueman House) in 1945 and designed by Halifax architect C.A. Fowler, was gutted and repurposed in 2008, keeping the exterior form and stone walls intact.

The newest building on campus is the Purdy Crawford Centre for the Arts, which opened in 2014. Housing the Pierre Lassonde School of Fine Arts and the department of drama, the building features art studios, a large atrium, and the 100-seat Motyer-Fancy Theatre. Designed by the internationally honoured Canadian architecture firm Zeidler Partnership, it was featured in Canadian Architect magazine in March 2015.[23]

Social life

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Social life at Mount Allison tends to focus on extracurricular activities: there are 140 clubs and societies and over 30 varsity, club, and intramural sports teams.[24]

Mount Allison's campus paper, The Argosy, is an independent publication produced weekly. The publication dates from 1872,[25] making it one of the oldest student publications in the country. The campus and community radio station, CHMA 106.9 FM, is owned and operated by the members of Attic Broadcasting Company Ltd., a non-profit organization with its offices on the university campus.

Springtime in Sackville – a view of Convocation Hall from the swan pond, Mount Allison University.

Student government

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The Mount Allison Students' Union (MASU) represents all full- and part-time students at Mount Allison. It operates as a membership-based non-profit corporation and was incorporated in 1980 under the New Brunswick Companies Act.[26]

Administration

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Mount Allison University 107726820RR0001 was registered as a charitable organization in Canada on January 1, 1967. The primary areas in which the charity is now carrying on programs to achieve its charitable purposes, ranked according to the percentage of time and resources devoted to each program area follow:

  • Universities and colleges 97%
  • Scholarships, bursaries, awards 3%

The charity carried on charitable programs to further its charitable purpose(s) (as defined in its governing documents) this fiscal period:

  • Provides rigorous liberal education primarily to undergraduate students in a co-educational intimate residential environment.
  • Provides scholarships, bursaries and awards to students.[27]

Notable alumni

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Athletics

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Main article: Mount Allison Mounties

The school's team name in Canadian Interuniversity Sport (CIS) is the Mount Allison Mounties. The football team has appeared in the Vanier Cup national college football championship game twice (1984 & 1991). The Mount Allison football team also made playoff appearances in 2007, 2008, 2010, 2013, and 2014. The team won the 2013 AUS championship, but lost to the Laval Rouge et Or in the Uteck Bowl (the national college football semi final) and in 2014, losing to McMaster in the Mitchell Bowl.

Mount Allison is also home to a CIS-level women's hockey team, as well as swim, badminton, and soccer teams. Basketball and volleyball teams compete against colleges and other smaller universities.

Mount Allison is the winner of the first ever ACAA men's rugby championship in 2007 and remained undefeated through 2010, resulting in four consecutive championships.[30] In both 2008 and 2009, the men's and women's Mounties remained undefeated throughout the regular season and became ACAA champions.[30] The university women's hockey team plays at the Tantramar Civic Centre.

Labour relations

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Mount Allison faculty are represented by the Mount Allison Faculty Association,[31] and the staff by CUPE 3433 and CUPE 2338.[32] Mount Allison had a three-week long faculty strike in early 2014.[33] Students sought a refund for tuition following the strike, a request that was denied by the board of regents.[34] Mount Allison had another week long faculty strike in early 2020, lasting from 03/02/2020 until 08/02/2020.

Arms

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Coat of arms of Mount Allison University
Notes
Granted 15 November 2007
Crest
Issuant from a circlet of maple leaves Or a dexter cubit arm Proper holding a torch Murrey enflamed Proper.
Escutcheon
Murrey three open books Proper edged and clasped Or the first inscribed LITTERAE the second RELIGIO and the third SCIENTIA in letters Sable all within a bordure Or.
Supporters
Issuing from three fleurs-de-lis in fess Azure a demi-lion Argent armed langued and crowned with an antique crown Or holding in the dexter paw a parchment scroll Argent bound Azure.
Motto
Litterae Religio Scientia (Letters Religion Knowledge)[35]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Report to donors | Mount Allison".
  2. ^ "2022–2023 Full-Time plus Part-Time Enrolments" (PDF). Association of Atlantic Universities. 2022-10-01. Retrieved 2023-10-09.
  3. ^ "Wesleyan Academy, Mount-Allison, Sackville, New-Brunswick, North America" (PDF). The Wesleyan Juvenile Offering: A Miscellany of Missionary Information for Young Persons. IX. Wesleyan Missionary Society: 120. October 1852. Retrieved 24 February 2016.
  4. ^ "Primarily Undergrad - The winners". Macleans. Retrieved Oct 6, 2022.
  5. ^ a b Pound, Richard W. (2005). 'Fitzhenry and Whiteside Book of Canadian Facts and Dates'. Fitzhenry and Whiteside.
  6. ^ a b c Anisef, P.; Axelrod, P.; Lennard, J. (July 20, 2015). "University". The Canadian Encyclopedia (online ed.). Historica Canada.
  7. ^ John G. Reid, "ALLISON, CHARLES FREDERICK," in EN:UNDEF:public_citation_publication, vol. 8, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–, accessed January 27, 2015, http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/allison_charles_frederick_8E.html.The Project Gutenberg EBook #6466 of 'The Intellectual Development of the Canadian People, A historical review' by John George Bourinot, House of Commons, Ottawa, February 17, 1881
  8. ^ a b "The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Makers of Canada: Index and Dictionary of Canadian History". 2010.
  9. ^ "Music at Mount Allison University". The Canadian Encyclopedia (online ed.). Historica Canada.
  10. ^ Dominion Bureau of Statistics, Canada Year Book 1921, Ottawa, 1922
  11. ^ "Art Education | The Canadian Encyclopedia". www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca. Retrieved 2023-08-11.
  12. ^ Mount Allison University Act Archived 2010-12-30 at the Wayback Machine
  13. ^ General, The Office of the Secretary to the Governor (12 November 2020). "Mount Allison University [Civil Institution]". archive.gg.ca.
  14. ^ "James B. Sumner - Biographical". The Nobel Prize.
  15. ^ "Canada's Best Primarily Undergraduate Universities for 2025". Maclean's. Rogers Media. 10 October 2024. Retrieved 10 October 2024.
  16. ^ "Canada's Best Universities in 2025 by National Reputational Ranking". Maclean's. Rogers Media. 10 October 2024. Retrieved 10 October 2024.
  17. ^ "Mount Allison University - Steps to apply". www.mta.ca.
  18. ^ "Mount Allison University full-time student enrolment up by four percent for 2021-22 | Mount Allison". mta.ca. Retrieved 2021-10-18.
  19. ^ a b The Record. "The Record Online | Fall 2015". Archived from the original on 2015-12-22. Retrieved 2015-12-14.
  20. ^ "Mount Allison University - National Historic Site reopens at Mount Allison". www.mta.ca.
  21. ^ "Cobb, Andrew Randall - Biographical Dictionary of Architects in Canada". www.dictionaryofarchitectsincanada.org.
  22. ^ "Mount Allison University: Memorial 13002-004 Sackville, NB". National Inventory of Canadian Military Memorials. Veterans Affairs Canada. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
  23. ^ "Making a Scene". Canadian Architect. March 1, 2005. Retrieved April 6, 2019.
  24. ^ "The small class difference". Mount Alison University. Retrieved April 6, 2019.
  25. ^ "About The Argosy". The Argosy. 5 February 2016. Retrieved April 6, 2019.
  26. ^ "About the MASU". masu.ca.
  27. ^ "List of charities - Canada.ca". www.cra-arc.gc.ca. Canada Revenue Agency. 27 November 2019.
  28. ^ Chawkins, Owain (2015-06-22). "Artist and former MP dies aged 88". The Royal Gazette. Retrieved 2015-07-24.
  29. ^ "Hark, a vagrant: About". harkavagrant.com.
  30. ^ a b "Mounties Continue Reign as Champs". Archived from the original on July 6, 2011.
  31. ^ "What is MAFA? - mafa". mafa.
  32. ^ "Mount Allison University - Labour relations". www.mta.ca.
  33. ^ "Mount Allison faculty on strike, all classes suspended". CBC News. January 26, 2014. Retrieved April 6, 2019.
  34. ^ "No tuition rebate at Mount Allison University". Truro Daily News. May 15, 2014. Archived from the original on January 28, 2015.
  35. ^ "Mount Allison University". Canadian Heraldic Authority. 12 November 2020. Retrieved 27 August 2021.

Further reading

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  • Marie Hammond Callaghan, Ed. 'We Were Here: Women's History at Mount Allison University' (Sackville: © Mount Allison University Press, 2006);
  • J. W. Falconer and W. G. Watson 'A Brief History of Pine Hill Divinity Hall and the Theological Department of Mount Allison University' (Halifax: Pine Hill Divinity Hall, 1946 Pamphlet)
  • John G. Reid, 'Mount Allison University: A History to 1963' (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1984);
  • John G. Reid, 'The Mount Allison Ladies College: A Short History, 1984. (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1984);
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